Relevance of Cognition and Emotion for Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Stroke in Working Age: An Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Patient-reported quality of life (QoL) may help to capture sequela of stroke more comprehensively. We aimed to investigate QoL in working age persons with ischemic stroke regarding impaired domains and identify factors associated with better QoL.
Methods: We invited persons with stroke aged 18-55 years to participate in this prospective observational study. We assessed QoL and self-rated health using the EuroQol 5 Dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) during hospital stay (baseline) and at 3-months follow-up (FU). Additionally, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), cognition (Montreal Cognitive assessment, MOCA), emotion (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and return to work were evaluated. We used hierarchical regression to identify predictors of QoL (self-rated health and QoL Index score) at FU.
Results: We included 138 persons with stroke (mean age = 43.6 ± 10 years; 41% female; median admission NIHSS = 2), of whom 99 participated at FU. QoL Index and self-rated health were correlated with NIHSS, mRS, anxiety, and depression at both timepoints. Although 80% had favorable functional outcome at FU (mRS < 2), high proportions of these persons reported problems in the "Pain and/or Discomfort" (25.3%) and "Anxiety/Depression" (22.8%) dimensions. Only discharge NIHSS and baseline MOCA independently predicted self-rated health at FU. Female sex, higher discharge NIHSS, and higher baseline depression scores predicted worse QoL Index scores at FU.
Conclusions: Three months post-stroke, working age persons with stroke frequently reported problems in dimensions not assessed by the routinely used mRS. Despite correlations between clinical scales and QoL, patient-reported outcomes and screening for cognition and emotion ensure a more comprehensive assessment of post-stroke consequences relevant for QoL.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2022 Pinter, Fandler-Höfler, Fruhwirth, Berger, Bachmaier, Horner, Eppinger, Kneihsl, Enzinger and Gattringer.)