Roll-to-roll sputtered and patterned Cu 2- x O/Cu/Cu 2- x O multilayer grid electrode for flexible smart windows.

We fabricated cost-effective Cu _{2- x} O/Cu/Cu _{2- x} O multilayer grid electrodes using roll-to-roll (RTR) sputtering and patterning processes for use as transparent and flexible electrodes in flexible smart windows. To optimize the patterned Cu _{2- x} O/Cu/Cu _{2- x} O multilayer grid, the electrical and optical properties of the Cu _{2- x} O/Cu/Cu _{2- x} O multilayer grid electrodes were investigated as a function of grid width and pitch, which directly influence the filling factor of the grid. At the optimized grid width of 16 and pitch of 600 μm, the Cu _{2- x} O/Cu/Cu _{2- x} O multilayer grid had a sheet resistance of 7.17 Ohm per square and an optical transmittance of 87.6%. In addition, the mechanical properties of the optimized Cu _{2- x} O/Cu/Cu _{2- x} O multilayer grid electrode was compared to those of brittle ITO electrodes to demonstrate its outstanding flexibility. To show the potential of the Cu _{2- x} O/Cu/Cu _{2- x} O multilayer grid for smart windows, we fabricated a flexible and transparent thin film heater (TFH) and a flexible electrochromic (EC) device, which are key components of smart windows. The low saturation voltage of the Cu _{2- x} O/Cu/Cu _{2- x} O grid-based TFH and the fast on-off performance of the Cu _{2- x} O/Cu/Cu _{2- x} O grid-based EC device indicates that the RTR-processed Cu _{2- x} O/Cu/Cu _{2- x} O multilayer grid is promising as a low-cost and large-area flexible transparent electrode for high-performance smart windows.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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