One-step sulfuration synthesis of hierarchical NiCo 2 S 4 @NiCo 2 S 4 nanotube/nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth as advanced electrodes for high-performance flexible solid-state hybrid supercapacitors.

To obtain high-performance hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), a new class of battery-type electrode materials with hierarchical core/shell structure, high conductivity and rich porosity are needed. Herein, we propose a facile one-step sulfuration approach to achieve the fabrication of hierarchical NiCo ₂ S ₄ @NiCo ₂ S ₄ hybrid nanotube/nanosheet arrays (NTSAs) on carbon cloth, by taking hydrothermally grown Ni-Co precursor@Ni-Co precursor nanowire/nanosheet arrays (NWSAs) as the starting templates. The optimized electrode of NiCo ₂ S ₄ @NiCo ₂ S ₄ hybrid NTSAs demonstrates an enhanced areal capacity of 245 μA h cm ^-2 at 2 mA cm ^-2 with outstanding rate capability (73% from 2 to 20 mA cm ^-2 ) and cycling stability (86% at 10 mA cm ^-2 over 3000 cycles). In addition, flexible solid-state HSC devices are assembled by using NiCo ₂ S ₄ @NiCo ₂ S ₄ hybrid NTSAs and activated carbon as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, which manifest a maximum volumetric energy density of 1.03 mW h cm ^-3 at a power density of 11.4 mW cm ^-3 , with excellent cycling stability. Our work indicates the feasibility of designing and fabricating core/shell structured metal sulfides through such a facile one-step sulfuration process and the great potential of these materials as advanced electrodes for high-performance HSC devices.
Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare.
(This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)