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Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: New Therapeutic Approaches for Vascular Remodeling.
- Source :
-
International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2022 Mar 25; Vol. 23 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 25. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Vascular remodeling is a typical feature of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms or restenosis. Excessive inflammation is a key mechanism underlying vascular remodeling via the modulation of vascular fibrosis, phenotype and function. Recent evidence suggests that not only augmented inflammation but unresolved inflammation might also contribute to different aspects of vascular diseases. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by a family of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that limit immune cell infiltration and initiate tissue repair mechanisms. SPMs (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins) are generated from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. Synthases and receptors for SPMs were initially described in immune cells, but they are also present in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), where they regulate processes important for vascular physiology, such as EC activation and VSMC phenotype. Evidence from genetic models targeting SPM pathways and pharmacological supplementation with SPMs have demonstrated that these mediators may play a protective role against the development of vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis, aneurysms and restenosis. This review focuses on the latest advances in understanding the role of SPMs in vascular cells and their therapeutic effects in the vascular remodeling associated with different cardiovascular diseases.
- Subjects :
- Docosahexaenoic Acids metabolism
Docosahexaenoic Acids pharmacology
Docosahexaenoic Acids therapeutic use
Eicosanoids pharmacology
Endothelial Cells metabolism
Humans
Inflammation drug therapy
Vascular Remodeling
Atherosclerosis drug therapy
Atherosclerosis metabolism
Inflammation Mediators metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1422-0067
- Volume :
- 23
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35408952
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073592