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The Influence of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis and Management of Ischemic Stroke.

Authors :
Chidambaram SB
Rathipriya AG
Mahalakshmi AM
Sharma S
Hediyal TA
Ray B
Sunanda T
Rungratanawanich W
Kashyap RS
Qoronfleh MW
Essa MM
Song BJ
Monaghan TM
Source :
Cells [Cells] 2022 Apr 06; Vol. 11 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 06.
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

Recent research on the gut microbiome has revealed the influence of gut microbiota (GM) on ischemic stroke pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Alterations in the diversity, abundance, and functions of the gut microbiome, termed gut dysbiosis, results in dysregulated gut-brain signaling, which induces intestinal barrier changes, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and infection, affecting post-stroke outcomes. Gut-brain interactions are bidirectional, and the signals from the gut to the brain are mediated by microbially derived metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS); immune cells, such as T helper cells; and bacterial translocation via hormonal, immune, and neural pathways. Ischemic stroke affects gut microbial composition via neural and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathways, which can contribute to post-stroke outcomes. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that the restoration of the gut microbiome usually improves stroke treatment outcomes by regulating metabolic, immune, and inflammatory responses via the gut-brain axis (GBA). Therefore, restoring healthy microbial ecology in the gut may be a key therapeutic target for the effective management and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2073-4409
Volume :
11
Issue :
7
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Cells
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
35406804
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11071239