Comparisons of size of foveal avascular zone area among children with posterior microphthalmos, high hyperopia, and normal eyes.

Purpose: To determine the area of the surface foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in children with posterior microphthalmos (PM), high hyperopia, and normal eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).
Methods: Thirty-six children were studied including 6 cases 12 eyes of PM (mean age 9.5 ± 5.2 years), 15 cases 30 eyes of high hyperopia (6.9 ± 1.5 years), and 15 cases 30 eyes of healthy individuals (8.7 ± 1.7 years). The B- and C-scan images in all children were recorded by OCT and OCTA with a scanning area of 3.0 × 3.0 mm centered on the fovea. All images were corrected for axial length differences, and the area of the FAZ surface and central macular thickness (CMT) was measured manually and compared.
Results: The area of FAZ in the PM group was 0.007 ± 0.003 mm ² , which was significantly smaller than that in the high hyperopia eyes at 0.286 ± 0.108 mm ² and healthy eyes at 0.318 ± 0.129 mm ² (both P < 0.001). The CMT in the PM group was 401.58 ± 33.60 mm, which was significantly thicker than in the high hyperopia eyes at 202.93 ± 12.28 mm and the normal eyes at 204.43 ± 18.76 mm. The area of the FAZ and CMT in the hyperopia group did not differ significantly from that of the normal healthy eyes.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that patients with PM have a hypoplastic macular region, which must be considered in any treatment of these eyes.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)