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A scalable serology solution for profiling humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

Authors :
Colwill K
Galipeau Y
Stuible M
Gervais C
Arnold C
Rathod B
Abe KT
Wang JH
Pasculescu A
Maltseva M
Rocheleau L
Pelchat M
Fazel-Zarandi M
Iskilova M
Barrios-Rodiles M
Bennett L
Yau K
Cholette F
Mesa C
Li AX
Paterson A
Hladunewich MA
Goodwin PJ
Wrana JL
Drews SJ
Mubareka S
McGeer AJ
Kim J
Langlois MA
Gingras AC
Durocher Y
Source :
Clinical & translational immunology [Clin Transl Immunology] 2022 Mar 23; Vol. 11 (3), pp. e1380. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 23 (Print Publication: 2022).
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

Objectives: Antibody testing against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been instrumental in detecting previous exposures and analyzing vaccine-elicited immune responses. Here, we describe a scalable solution to detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, discriminate between natural infection- and vaccination-induced responses, and assess antibody-mediated inhibition of the spike-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction.<br />Methods: We developed methods and reagents to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The main assays focus on the parallel detection of immunoglobulin (Ig)Gs against the spike trimer, its receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N). We automated a surrogate neutralisation (sn)ELISA that measures inhibition of ACE2-spike or -RBD interactions by antibodies. The assays were calibrated to a World Health Organization reference standard.<br />Results: Our single-point IgG-based ELISAs accurately distinguished non-infected and infected individuals. For seroprevalence assessment (in a non-vaccinated cohort), classifying a sample as positive if antibodies were detected for ≥ 2 of the 3 antigens provided the highest specificity. In vaccinated cohorts, increases in anti-spike and -RBD (but not -N) antibodies are observed. We present detailed protocols for serum/plasma or dried blood spots analysis performed manually and on automated platforms. The snELISA can be performed automatically at single points, increasing its scalability.<br />Conclusions: Measuring antibodies to three viral antigens and identify neutralising antibodies capable of disrupting spike-ACE2 interactions in high-throughput enables large-scale analyses of humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. The reagents are available to enable scaling up of standardised serological assays, permitting inter-laboratory data comparison and aggregation.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.<br /> (© 2022 The Authors. Clinical & Translational Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2050-0068
Volume :
11
Issue :
3
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Clinical & translational immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
35356067
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1380