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Cationization of Eucalyptus Kraft LignoBoost Lignin: Preparation, Properties, and Potential Applications.
- Source :
-
Industrial & engineering chemistry research [Ind Eng Chem Res] 2022 Mar 16; Vol. 61 (10), pp. 3503-3515. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 07. - Publication Year :
- 2022
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Abstract
- Current changes toward a more biobased economy have recently created tremendous renewed interest in using lignin as a valuable source for chemicals and materials. Here, we present a facile cationization approach aiming to impart kraft lignin water-solubility, with similar good features as lignosulfonates. Eucalyptus globulus kraft lignin obtained from a paper mill black liquor by applying the LignoBoost process was used as the substrate. Its reaction with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) in an aqueous alkaline medium was studied to assess the impact of different reaction conditions (temperature, time, educt concentration, molar CHPTAC-to-lignin ratio) on the degree of cationization. It has been shown that at pH 13, 10 wt % lignin content, 70 °C, and 3 h reaction time, a CHPTAC-to-lignin minimum molar ratio of 1.3 is required to obtain fully water-soluble products. Elemental analysis (4.2% N), size-exclusion chromatography ( M <subscript>w</subscript> 2180 Da), and quantitative <superscript>13</superscript> C NMR spectroscopy of the product obtained at this limit reactant concentration suggest introduction of 1.2 quaternary ammonium groups per C9 unit and substitution of 75% of the initially available phenolic OH groups. The possible contribution of benzylic hydroxyls to the introduction of quaternary ammonium moieties through a quinone methide mechanism has been proposed. Since both molecular characteristics and degree of substitution, and hence solubility or count of surface charge, of colloidal particles can be adjusted within a wide range, cationic kraft lignins are promising materials for a wide range of applications, as exemplarily demonstrated for flocculation of anionic dyes.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.<br /> (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0888-5885
- Volume :
- 61
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Industrial & engineering chemistry research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35309502
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04899