Plasma amyloid beta predicts conversion to dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: The BALTAZAR study.

Introduction: Blood-based biomarkers are the next challenge for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and prognosis.
Methods: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants (N = 485) of the BALTAZAR study, a large-scale longitudinal multicenter cohort, were followed-up for 3 years. A total of 165 of them converted to dementia (95% AD). Associations of conversion and plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) _1-42 , Aβ _1-40 , Aβ _1-42 /Aβ _1-40 ratio were analyzed with logistic and Cox models.
Results: Converters to dementia had lower level of plasma Aβ _1-42 (37.1 pg/mL [12.5] vs. 39.2 [11.1] , P value = .03) and lower Aβ _1-42 /Aβ _1-40 ratio than non-converters (0.148 [0.125] vs. 0.154 [0.076], P value = .02). MCI participants in the highest quartile of Aβ _1-42 /Aβ _1-40 ratio (>0.169) had a significant lower risk of conversion (hazard ratio adjusted for age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E ε4, hippocampus atrophy = 0.52 (95% confidence interval [0.31-0.86], P value = .01).
Discussion: In this large cohort of MCI subjects we identified a threshold for plasma Aβ _1-42 /Aβ _1-40 ratio that may detect patients with a low risk of conversion to dementia within 3 years.
(© 2022 the Alzheimer's Association.)