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Robust and Functional Immune Memory Up to 9 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Southeast Asian Longitudinal Cohort.
- Source :
-
Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2022 Feb 03; Vol. 13, pp. 817905. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 03 (Print Publication: 2022). - Publication Year :
- 2022
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Abstract
- The duration of humoral and cellular immune memory following SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations in least developed countries remains understudied but is key to overcome the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Sixty-four Cambodian individuals with laboratory-confirmed infection with asymptomatic or mild/moderate clinical presentation were evaluated for Spike (S)-binding and neutralizing antibodies and antibody effector functions during acute phase of infection and at 6-9 months follow-up. Antigen-specific B cells, CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> and CD8 <superscript>+</superscript> T cells were characterized, and T cells were interrogated for functionality at late convalescence. Anti-S antibody titers decreased over time, but effector functions mediated by S-specific antibodies remained stable. S- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific B cells could be detected in late convalescence in the activated memory B cell compartment and are mostly IgG <superscript>+</superscript> . CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> and CD8 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell immune memory was maintained to S and membrane (M) protein. Asymptomatic infection resulted in decreased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cells at late convalescence. Whereas anti-S antibodies correlated with S-specific B cells, there was no correlation between T cell response and humoral immune memory. Hence, all aspects of a protective immune response are maintained up to nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the absence of re-infection.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2022 Vo, Maestri, Auerswald, Sorn, Lay, Seng, Sann, Ya, Pean, Dussart, Schwartz, Ly, Bruel, Ly, Duong, Karlsson and Cantaert.)
- Subjects :
- B-Lymphocytes immunology
COVID-19 pathology
Cambodia
Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins immunology
Humans
Immunity, Cellular immunology
Immunity, Humoral immunology
Phosphoproteins immunology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology
Antibodies, Neutralizing blood
Antibodies, Viral blood
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology
Immunologic Memory immunology
SARS-CoV-2 immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1664-3224
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35185909
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.817905