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Epithelial and sensory mechanisms of nasal hyperreactivity.

Authors :
Velasco E
Delicado-Miralles M
Hellings PW
Gallar J
Van Gerven L
Talavera K
Source :
Allergy [Allergy] 2022 May; Vol. 77 (5), pp. 1450-1463. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 26.
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

"Nasal hyperreactivity" is a key feature in various phenotypes of upper airway diseases, whereby reactions of the nasal epithelium to diverse chemical and physical stimuli are exacerbated. In this review, we illustrate how nasal hyperreactivity can result from at least three types of mechanisms: (1) impaired barrier function, (2) hypersensitivity to external and endogenous stimuli, and (3) potentiation of efferent systems. We describe the known molecular basis of hyperreactivity related to the functional impairment of epithelial cells and somatosensory innervation, and indicate that the thermal, chemical, and mechanical sensors determining hyperreactivity in humans remain to be identified. We delineate research directions that may provide new insights into nasal hyperreactivity associated with rhinitis/rhinosinusitis pathophysiology and therapeutics. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying nasal hyperreactivity is essential for the treatment of rhinitis according to the precepts of precision medicine.<br /> (© 2022 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1398-9995
Volume :
77
Issue :
5
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Allergy
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
35174893
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15259