Acne cream reduces the deep Cutibacterium acnes tissue load before elective open shoulder surgery: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Background: Cutibacterium acnes is the main pathogen in periprosthetic shoulder infections. In acne vulgaris therapy, benzoyl peroxide-miconazole nitrate cream effectively reduces the superficial C acnes burden of the skin. Its additional potential in the subcutaneous and capsular layers (eg, for prevention of future periprosthetic shoulder infections) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a topical acne vulgaris cream (benzoyl peroxide-miconazole nitrate) to reduce subcutaneous and capsular C acnes in individuals with C acnes skin colonization undergoing open shoulder surgery.
Methods: A prospective randomized pilot trial was performed, allocating 60 adult patients (1:1) to either a 7-day preoperative application of a commercial acne cream (benzoyl peroxide-miconazole nitrate) on the preoperative skin (intervention group) or no cream (control group) from November 1, 2018, to May 31, 2020. The superficial skin of the shoulder was sampled at enrollment and before incision, and deep subcutaneous and capsular shoulder samples were taken during surgery.
Results: Sixty patients (mean age, 59 years; 55% female patients) undergoing primary open shoulder surgery (17 Latarjet procedures and 43 arthroplasties) were included in the study. At baseline, both randomized groups showed the presence of C acnes on the skin at a rate of 60% (18 of 30 patients in intervention group and 19 of 30 patients in control group, P = .79). In patients with C acnes skin colonization, the intervention resulted in a significant reduction in the overall number of intraoperative samples with positive findings compared with the control group (8 of 18 patients vs. 16 of 19 patients, P = .01), especially in capsular samples (0 of 18 patients vs. 4 of 19 patients, P = .04).
Conclusion: The topical 7-day preoperative skin application of acne cream (benzoyl peroxide-miconazole nitrate) significantly reduced the intraoperative C acnes load in 56% of the patients in the intervention group compared with 16% of the control patients.
(Copyright © 2022 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)