Management of postradiation late hemorrhage following treatment for HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Acute oropharyngeal hemorrhage is a serious complication for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), particularly in patients with a history of radiation therapy (RT).
Methods: Retrospective case series from at a tertiary care center for treated patients with HPV-positive OPSCC presenting with oropharyngeal hemorrhage.
Results: Median time from completion of chemoradiation to first hemorrhagic event was 186 days (range 66-1466 days). Seven patients (58%) required intervention to secure their airway. All patients were evaluated for endovascular intervention, six (50%) were embolized. Eight patients (67%) had a second hemorrhagic event; median time to second bleed was 22 days (range 3-90 days).
Conclusions: Acute oropharyngeal hemorrhage is a sequelae following treatment for HPV-positive OPSCC. The majority of bleeds occurred within a year of completion of treatment. While more research is needed to determine optimal treatment paradigms, endovascular intervention should be considered, even if noninvasive imaging does not demonstrate active bleeding.
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