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Flu Vaccine and Mortality in Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
- Source :
-
Journal of the American Heart Association [J Am Heart Assoc] 2022 Mar 15; Vol. 11 (6), pp. e021715. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 08. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Background Influenza infection may increase the risk of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether influenza vaccination may reduce mortality in patients with hypertension is currently unknown. Methods and Results We performed a nationwide cohort study including all patients with hypertension in Denmark during 9 consecutive influenza seasons in the period 2007 to 2016 who were prescribed at least 2 different classes of antihypertensive medication (renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, diuretics, calcium antagonists, or beta-blockers). We excluded patients who were aged <18 years, >100 years, had ischemic heart disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancer, or cerebrovascular disease. The exposure to influenza vaccination was assessed before each influenza season. The end points were defined as death from all-causes, from cardiovascular causes, or from stroke or AMI. For each influenza season, patients were followed from December 1 until April 1 the next year. We included a total of 608 452 patients. The median follow-up was 5 seasons (interquartile range, 2-8 seasons) resulting in a total follow-up time of 975 902 person-years. Vaccine coverage ranged from 26% to 36% during the study seasons. During follow-up 21 571 patients died of all-causes (3.5%), 12 270 patients died of cardiovascular causes (2.0%), and 3846 patients died of AMI/stroke (0.6%). After adjusting for confounders, vaccination was significantly associated with reduced risks of all-cause death (HR, 0.82; P <0.001), cardiovascular death (HR, 0.84; P <0.001), and death from AMI/stroke (HR, 0.90; P =0.017). Conclusions Influenza vaccination was significantly associated with reduced risks of death from all-causes, cardiovascular causes, and AMI/stroke in patients with hypertension. Influenza vaccination might improve outcome in hypertension.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use
Cohort Studies
Humans
Hypertension drug therapy
Influenza Vaccines adverse effects
Influenza, Human drug therapy
Influenza, Human epidemiology
Influenza, Human prevention & control
Myocardial Infarction drug therapy
Myocardial Infarction epidemiology
Myocardial Infarction prevention & control
Stroke drug therapy
Stroke epidemiology
Stroke prevention & control
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2047-9980
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of the American Heart Association
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35132866
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.021715