Formulations of curcumin and d-mannitol as a photolarvicide against Aedes aegypti larvae: Sublethal photolarvicidal action, toxicity, residual evaluation, and small-scale field trial.

Dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever are arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito. In this regard, a number of techniques have emerged aiming to combat its proliferation. Elimination of Aedes aegypti larvae by photodynamic action has been reported as an efficient approach. In this regard, this study was aimed at synthetize and characterize formulations with different proportions (w/w) of the plant-based photolarvicidal curcumin and d-mannitol (CCD 1-4) and their evaluation on sublethal photolarvicidal efficiency, photodegradation profile,solubility, internalization, elimination time, persistence in simulated field, growth of microorganisms in water and the toxicity using an animal models (Zebrafish). CCD 3 (curcumin:d-mannitol 50:50 w/w) showed the best efficacy (LC _50-24h  = 0.01 mg/L), and also presented the shortest internalization and longest elimination time, 60 min and 8 days, respectively. This formulation caused an extrusion into the intestine and peritrophic membrane. Moreover, CCD 3 showed a photodegradation of 50% (in 24 h) under white fluorescent lamps. In a small-scale field trial, CCD 3 had a residual time of 14 days and abnormal microbial growth was not observed. Finally, CCD 3 did not present any toxicity in Zebrafish, after exposition for 24 h at 100 mg/L. Overall, these results raise the possibility of reducing virus transmission through the controlled photoinactivation of Aedes aegypti larvae using a non-toxic plant-based formulated photolarvicide.
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