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Increased Salt Intake Decreases Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.
- Source :
-
Nutrients [Nutrients] 2022 Jan 07; Vol. 14 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jan 07. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- High salt intake ranks among the most important risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. Western diets, which are typically high in salt, are associated with a high prevalence of obesity. High salt is thought to be a potential risk factor for obesity independent of energy intake, although the underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood. A high salt diet could influence energy expenditure (EE), specifically diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), which accounts for about 10% of total EE. We aimed to investigate the influence of high salt on DIT. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, 40 healthy subjects received either 6 g/d salt (NaCl) or placebo in capsules over 2 weeks. Before and after the intervention, resting EE, DIT, body composition, food intake, 24 h urine analysis, and blood pressure were obtained. EE was measured by indirect calorimetry after a 12 h overnight fast and a standardized 440 kcal meal. Thirty-eight subjects completed the study. Salt intake from foods was 6 g/d in both groups, resulting in a total salt intake of 12 g/d in the salt group and 6 g/d in the placebo group. Urine sodium increased by 2.29 g/d ( p < 0.0001) in the salt group, indicating overall compliance. The change in DIT differed significantly between groups (placebo vs. salt, p = 0.023). DIT decreased by 1.3% in the salt group ( p = 0.048), but increased by 0.6% in the placebo group ( NS ). Substrate oxidation indicated by respiratory exchange ratio, body composition, resting blood pressure, fluid intake, hydration, and urine volume did not change significantly in either group. A moderate short-term increase in salt intake decreased DIT after a standardized meal. This effect could at least partially contribute to the observed weight gain in populations consuming a Western diet high in salt.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Blood Pressure
Body Composition
Calorimetry, Indirect
Double-Blind Method
Energy Metabolism physiology
Female
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Male
Placebos administration & dosage
Placebos pharmacology
Risk Factors
Sodium urine
Sodium Chloride, Dietary pharmacology
Thermogenesis physiology
Diet
Obesity etiology
Sodium Chloride, Dietary administration & dosage
Thermogenesis drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6643
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35057434
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020253