Benign and malignant proliferation in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a French cohort study.

Background: There seems to be a possible link between nephrotic syndrome (NS) and lymphoproliferative syndrome, but it remains poorly understood.
Methods: This multicentric and retrospective study focuses on children, who developed idiopathic NS and malignant or benign proliferation between 2000 and 2021.
Results: Eleven patients were included, with a median age of 4 years. Only one had a steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). The maintenance therapy before the proliferation was in majority tacrolimus or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), but three patients did not receive treatments. The proliferation was mainly a Hodgkin's lymphoma (45%) or a lymphoproliferative disease (36%), in a median time after the NS of two years. Viruses were found in seven cases (EBV in five cases and HHV-8 in two).
Conclusion: The association between proliferative syndrome and idiopathic NS may not be fortuitous, possibly with a common lymphocytic disturbance. Genetic analyses could improve the comprehension of these manifestations in the future. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Pediatric Nephrology Association.)