Amniotic fluid-derived stem cell potential for therapeutic and surgical use: A review of the literature.

Objective: Spina bifida is a debilitating neutral tube defect affecting many infants. The impact and severity of spina bifida depends on whether the patient exhibits a closed defect, spina bifida occulta, or an open defect, spina bifida aperta. Patients with spina bifida have physical and mental disabilities which merit further research into less invasive, more successful treatments. In addition to serving as protection for the growing fetus and facilitating nutrient exchange, amniotic fluid (AF) is a rich source of a mixed population of stem cells. As such, in vitro culture of AF-derived stem cells has shown promise among therapeutic and surgical applications. We present a critical evaluation of the current preclinical efforts, amniotic fluid-derived stem cell (AFSC) culture process, and the subsequent therapeutic application, with a focus on improvements for spina bifida outcomes in the pediatric patient population.
Method: An evidence - based literature review to investigate the current literature surrounding AFSC culture and use, with an emphasis on the benefits for spina bifida treatment.
Results: 47 literature sources from PubMed and three studies from ClinicalTrials.gov.
Conclusion: This review synthesizes the current literature, which shows promising data on AFSC pluripotency, as well as successful in utero coverage from AFSC - supported environments in a multitude of animal models.
(© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)