Patient preferences for mitral valve regurgitation treatment: a discrete choice experiment.

Introduction: This study aimed to quantify patients' preferences for benefits and risks associated with treating degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) via open heart surgical repair versus a beating heart surgical approach.
Methods: A D-efficient main effects discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey with 10 choice tasks that involved trade-offs across six attributes varying between two and four levels each (procedure invasiveness, recovery intensity, risk of disabling stroke, risk of new onset atrial fibrillation, risk of symptom reappearance and risk of reintervention) was administered online to either clinically confirmed (n = 30) or self-reported DMR (n = 88) patients recruited from either cardiovascular clinics or online clinical patient databases. The error component logit (ECL) analysis combined both patient cohorts after performing a Swait-Louviere scale test. Patient trade-offs across attributes were estimated in relation to either an open-heart surgery (OHS) treatment profile or a beating heart approach.
Results: Patients demonstrated clear preferences across all attributes for the beating heart treatment. 76.0% (95% CI: 68.1,83.9) of patients would prefer a 'beating heart' intervention relative to the 'open heart' approach despite the higher likelihood of symptom recurrence and reintervention. In exchange for the combined net benefits associated with a 'beating heart' treatment, on average, participants were willing to accept a maximum acceptable risk (MAR) of 34.6 percentage points (95% CI: 23.8,45.4) for increased risk of symptom reappearance or 22.6 percentage points (95% CI: 14.7,30.4) increased risk of reintervention.
Conclusion: This study of US adults with DMR provides quantitative measures of risk tolerance for tradeoffs related to repair by a beating heart approach relative to conventional open-heart surgery (standard of care). These results may inform DMR treatment choices from regulatory agencies, payers, clinicians, and patients considering a beating heart repair or treatments with similar attributes as potential new alternatives to conventional surgery.