Back to Search
Start Over
Hypoxic Processes Induce Complement Activation via Classical Pathway in Porcine Neuroretinas.
- Source :
-
Cells [Cells] 2021 Dec 18; Vol. 10 (12). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 18. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Considering the fact that many retinal diseases are yet to be cured, the pathomechanisms of these multifactorial diseases need to be investigated in more detail. Among others, oxidative stress and hypoxia are pathomechanisms that take place in retinal diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. In consideration of these diseases, it is also evidenced that the immune system, including the complement system and its activation, plays an important role. Suitable models to investigate neuroretinal diseases are organ cultures of porcine retina. Based on an established model, the role of the complement system was studied after the induction of oxidative stress or hypoxia. Both stressors led to a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) accompanied by apoptosis. Hypoxia activated the complement system as noted by higher C3 <superscript>+</superscript> and MAC <superscript>+</superscript> cell numbers. In this model, activation of the complement cascade occurred via the classical pathway and the number of C1q <superscript>+</superscript> microglia was increased. In oxidative stressed retinas, the complement system had no consideration, but strong inflammation took place, with elevated TNF , IL6 , and IL8 mRNA expression levels. Together, this study shows that hypoxia and oxidative stress induce different mechanisms in the porcine retina inducing either the immune response or an inflammation. Our findings support the thesis that the immune system is involved in the development of retinal diseases. Furthermore, this study is evidence that both approaches seem suitable models to investigate undergoing pathomechanisms of several neuroretinal diseases.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Apoptosis drug effects
Cobalt toxicity
Complement Activation drug effects
Complement Pathway, Alternative drug effects
Complement Pathway, Alternative immunology
Complement Pathway, Classical drug effects
Complement System Proteins metabolism
Hydrogen Peroxide toxicity
Lectins metabolism
Microglia drug effects
Microglia metabolism
Microglia pathology
Oxidative Stress drug effects
Retinal Ganglion Cells drug effects
Retinal Neurons drug effects
Retinal Neurons pathology
Stress, Physiological drug effects
Swine
Complement Activation immunology
Complement Pathway, Classical immunology
Hypoxia immunology
Retina immunology
Retina pathology
Retinal Ganglion Cells pathology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2073-4409
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Cells
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34944083
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123575