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Diabetic Retinopathy and Insulin Insufficiency: Beta Cell Replacement as a Strategy to Prevent Blindness.
- Source :
-
Frontiers in endocrinology [Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)] 2021 Nov 29; Vol. 12, pp. 734360. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 29 (Print Publication: 2021). - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a potentially devastating complication of diabetes because it puts patients at risk of blindness. Diabetes is a common cause of blindness in the U.S. and worldwide and is dramatically increasing in global prevalence. Thus new approaches are needed to prevent this dreaded complication. There is extensive data that indicates beta cell secretory failure is a risk factor for DR, independent of its influence on glycemic control. This perspective article will provide evidence for insufficient endogenous insulin secretion as an important factor in the development of DR. The areas of evidence discussed are: (a) Presence of insulin receptors in the retina, (b) Clinical studies that show an association of beta cell insufficiency with DR, (c) Treatment with insulin in type 2 diabetes, a marker for endogenous insulin deficiency, is an independent risk factor for DR, (d) Recent clinical studies that link DR with an insulin deficient form of type 2 diabetes, and (e) Beta cell replacement studies that demonstrate endogenous insulin prevents progression of DR. The cumulative data drive our conclusion that beta cell replacement will have an important role in preventing DR and/or mitigating its severity in both type 1 diabetes and insulinopenic type 2 diabetes.<br />Competing Interests: The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 Ipp.)
- Subjects :
- Blindness etiology
Clinical Studies as Topic
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism
Diabetic Retinopathy etiology
Humans
Insulin metabolism
Insulin Secretion physiology
Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism
Risk Factors
Blindness prevention & control
Diabetic Retinopathy metabolism
Diabetic Retinopathy therapy
Insulin deficiency
Insulin-Secreting Cells transplantation
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1664-2392
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in endocrinology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34912295
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.734360