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Dynamic Interaction Between Mucosal Immunity and Microbiota Drives Nose and Pharynx Homeostasis of Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) After SVCV Infection.
- Source :
-
Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2021 Nov 04; Vol. 12, pp. 769775. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 04 (Print Publication: 2021). - Publication Year :
- 2021
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Abstract
- The crosstalk between the immune system and microbiota drives an amazingly complex mutualistic symbiosis. In mammals, the upper respiratory tract acts as a gateway for pathogen invasion, and the dynamic interaction between microbiota and mucosal immunity on its surface can effectively prevent disease development. However, the relationship between virus-mediated mucosal immune responses and microbes in lower vertebrates remains uncharacterized. In this study, we successfully constructed an infection model by intraperitoneally injecting common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). In addition to the detection of the SVCV in the nose and pharynx of common carp, we also identified obvious histopathological changes following viral infection. Moreover, numerous immune-related genes were significantly upregulated in the nose and pharynx at the peak of SVCV infection, after which the expression levels decreased to levels similar to those of the control group. Transcriptome sequencing results revealed that pathways associated with bacterial infection in the Toll-like receptor pathway and the Nod-like receptor pathway were activated in addition to the virus-related Rig-I-like receptor pathway after SVCV infection, suggesting that viral infection may be followed by opportunistic bacterial infection in these mucosal tissues. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we further identified an upward trend in pathogenic bacteria on the mucosal surface of the nose and pharynx 4 days after SVCV infection, after which these tissues eventually reached new homeostasis. Taken together, our results suggest that the dynamic interaction between mucosal immunity and microbiota promotes the host to a new ecological state.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 Wu, Meng, Ding, Wu, Han, Zhai, Sun, Yu, Ji and Xu.)
- Subjects :
- Animal Structures immunology
Animal Structures microbiology
Animal Structures virology
Animals
Bacteria classification
Bacteria genetics
Carps microbiology
Carps virology
Fish Diseases microbiology
Fish Diseases virology
Fish Proteins genetics
Fish Proteins immunology
Gene Expression Profiling methods
Homeostasis genetics
Homeostasis immunology
Immunity, Mucosal genetics
Pharynx microbiology
Pharynx virology
Phylogeny
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics
Receptors, Pattern Recognition genetics
Receptors, Pattern Recognition immunology
Rhabdoviridae genetics
Rhabdoviridae physiology
Signal Transduction genetics
Signal Transduction immunology
Bacteria immunology
Carps immunology
Fish Diseases immunology
Immunity, Mucosal immunology
Pharynx immunology
Rhabdoviridae immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1664-3224
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34804060
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.769775