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Common points of therapeutic intervention in COVID-19 and in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation associated severe cytokine release syndrome.
- Source :
-
Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica [Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung] 2021 Nov 19. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 19. - Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Ahead of Print
-
Abstract
- Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can both lead to severe cytokine release syndrome (sCRS) resulting in critical illness and death. In this single institution, preliminary comparative case-series study we compared clinical and laboratory co-variates as well as response to tocilizumab (TCZ)-based therapy of 15 allogeneic-HSCT- and 17 COVID-19-associated sCRS patients. Reaction to a TCZ plus posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) consolidation therapy in the allogeneic-HSCT-associated sCRS group yielded significantly inferior long-term outcome as compared to TCZ-based therapy in the COVID-19-associated group (P = 0.003). We report that a TCZ followed by consolidation therapy with a Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) inhibitor given to 4 out of 8 critically ill COVID-19 patients resulted in their complete recovery. Non-selective JAK/STAT inhibitors influencing the action of several cytokines exhibit a broader effect than TCZ alone in calming down sCRS. Serum levels of cytokines and chemokines show similar changes in allogeneic-HSCT- and COVID-19-associated sCRS with marked elevation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10) levels. In addition, levels of IL-5, IL-10, IL-15 were also elevated in allogeneic-HSCT-associated sCRS. Our multi-cytokine expression data indicate that the pathophysiology of allogeneic-HSCT and COVID-19-associated sCRS are similar therefore the same clinical grading system and TCZ-based treatment approaches can be applied. TCZ with JAK/STAT inhibitor consolidation therapy might be highly effective in COVID-19 sCRS patients.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1588-2640
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34797216
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1556/030.2021.01620