Heavy drinkers and the contexts of drinking among adults in Norway.

Background: There is little knowledge about characteristics of the heaviest drinkers. This study aimed at exploring 1) socio-demographic characteristics and 2) drinking patterns and drinking contexts of heavy drinkers and other drinkers in Norway, applying various criteria for heavy drinking.
Methods: Data from cross-sectional population surveys among adults in Norway (aged 16 +) in 2015 through 2018 (current drinkers, n = 6 940) were analysed. Two measures were applied to categorize heavy drinkers: 1) AUDIT score (10 +), and 2) annual consumption volume (445 + units) (both above 90th percentile). Social contexts of drinking included location (private homes, licensed premises); social company (partner/family, work mates, friends, no one); and weekend versus weekdays.
Results: Heavy drinkers accounted for 10% of the sample and up to half of the total consumption. Heavy drinkers differed significantly from other drinkers with regard to age, education level and criterion; by AUDIT score, the prevalence of heavy drinkers decreased with increasing age and education level, whereas the opposite was the case for by volume. Compared to other drinkers, heavy drinkers drank relatively more often on weekdays and relatively more often alone, and more frequently at licenced premises.
Conclusions: In Norway, the distribution of alcohol consumption is heavily skewed, and the heaviest drinkers differ from the rest of the population in several aspects. This group of drinkers represent an important target for public policy, and there is a need for further knowledge of this group enabling more targeted interventions in addition to policies aimed at reducing the per-capita consumption.
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