Hausa translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and assessment of psychometric properties of the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

Background: Self-efficacy has been defined as "people's beliefs about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives." In stroke survivors, impairments in motor, sensory/perceptual, and cognitive functions greatly reduce self-efficacy.
Aim: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) into Hausa language.
Method: Two independent experts who are fluent in Hausa and English languages did the forward and backward translations, respectively. A group of experts reviewed the translation according to Beaton's guidelines. The English and the final Hausa versions were administered to 75 patients with stroke once and twice, respectively (on the first day and a week later). Construct validity between the English and the Hausa version, and internal consistency and structural validity of the Hausa version were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, kappa statistics, and Rasch analysis, respectively.
Results: There was a significant correlation (r = 0.96, p < .001) between the Hausa version of the SSEQ and the original English version. The scale also demonstrated an excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.99, p < .001) on two different administrations. The Hausa version also demonstrated an excellent internal consistency on two different administrations, Cronbach alpha, 0.99. Similarly, the two versions were found to be perfect fit, having the same measure of construct [infit and outfit mean-square (MNSQ) and standardized (ZSTD) fit statistics values for the Hausa version and the English version of SSEQ were (1.00, Z = -0.2)].
Conclusion: Hausa version of SSEQ is valid and reliable at assessing self-efficacy among Hausa-speaking stroke survivors.