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Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immune Responses in Patients with Cancer.
- Source :
-
Cancer research [Cancer Res] 2021 Dec 15; Vol. 81 (24), pp. 6273-6280. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 10. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Longitudinal studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-induced immune responses in patients with cancer are needed to optimize clinical care. In a prospective cohort study of 366 (291 vaccinated) patients, we measured antibody levels [anti-spike (IgG-(S-RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin] at three time points. Antibody level trajectories and frequency of breakthrough infections were evaluated by tumor type and timing of treatment relative to vaccination. IgG-(S-RBD) at peak response (median = 42 days after dose 2) was higher ( P = 0.002) and remained higher after 4 to 6 months ( P = 0.003) in patients receiving mRNA-1273 compared with BNT162b2. Patients with solid tumors attained higher peak levels ( P = 0.001) and sustained levels after 4 to 6 months ( P < 0.001) compared with those with hematologic malignancies. B-cell targeted treatment reduced peak ( P = 0.001) and sustained antibody responses ( P = 0.003). Solid tumor patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors before vaccination had lower sustained antibody levels than those who received treatment after vaccination ( P = 0.043). Two (0.69%) vaccinated and one (1.9%) unvaccinated patient had severe COVID-19 illness during follow-up. Our study shows variation in sustained antibody responses across cancer populations receiving various therapeutic modalities, with important implications for vaccine booster timing and patient selection. SIGNIFICANCE: Long-term studies of immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer are needed to inform evidence-based guidelines for booster vaccinations and to tailor sequence and timing of vaccinations to elicit improved humoral responses.<br /> (©2021 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19 epidemiology
Female
Humans
Immunization Programs
Immunoglobulin G
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Neoplasms complications
Neoplasms pathology
Prospective Studies
Surveys and Questionnaires
Time Factors
Vaccination methods
2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
BNT162 Vaccine
COVID-19 immunology
COVID-19 prevention & control
Immunity, Humoral
Neoplasms immunology
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination standards
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1538-7445
- Volume :
- 81
- Issue :
- 24
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Cancer research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34759001
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-3554