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A comprehensive review of IL-26 to pave a new way for a profound understanding of the pathobiology of cancer, inflammatory diseases and infections.
- Source :
-
Immunology [Immunology] 2022 Jan; Vol. 165 (1), pp. 44-60. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 08. - Publication Year :
- 2022
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Abstract
- Cytokines are considered vital mediators of the immune system. Down- or upregulation of these mediators is linked to several inflammatory and pathologic situations. IL-26 is referred to as an identified member of the IL-10 family and IL-20 subfamily. Due to having a unique cationic structure, IL-26 exerts diverse functions in several diseases. Since IL-26 is mainly secreted from Th17, it is primarily considered a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Upon binding to its receptor complex (IL-10R1/IL-20R2), IL-26 activates multiple signalling mediators, especially STAT1/STAT3. In cancer, IL-26 induces IL-22-producing cells, which consequently decrease cytotoxic T-cell functions and promote tumour growth through activating anti-apoptotic proteins. In hypersensitivity conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and allergic disease, this cytokine functions primarily as the disease-promoting mediator and might be considered a biomarker for disease prognosis. Although IL-26 exerts antimicrobial function in infections such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and leprosy, it has also been shown that IL-26 might be involved in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of sepsis. Besides, the involvement of IL-26 has been confirmed in other conditions, including graft-versus-host disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, due to the multifarious function of this cytokine, it is proposed that the underlying mechanism regarding IL-26 function should be elucidated. Collectively, it is hoped that the examination of IL-26 in several contexts might be promising in predicting disease prognosis and might introduce novel approaches in the treatment of various diseases.<br /> (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Cytokines genetics
Cytokines metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Infections etiology
Infections metabolism
Infections pathology
Inflammation etiology
Inflammation metabolism
Inflammation pathology
Interleukins chemistry
Neoplasms etiology
Neoplasms metabolism
Neoplasms pathology
Organ Specificity genetics
Organ Specificity immunology
Protein Transport
Signal Transduction
Structure-Activity Relationship
Disease Susceptibility
Interleukins genetics
Interleukins metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1365-2567
- Volume :
- 165
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34716913
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13424