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The intersection of COVID-19 and autoimmunity.
- Source :
-
The Journal of clinical investigation [J Clin Invest] 2021 Dec 15; Vol. 131 (24). - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Acute COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by diverse clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal respiratory failure, and often associated with varied longer-term sequelae. Over the past 18 months, it has become apparent that inappropriate immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Researchers working at the intersection of COVID-19 and autoimmunity recently gathered at an American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association Noel R. Rose Colloquium to address the current state of knowledge regarding two important questions: Does established autoimmunity predispose to severe COVID-19? And, at the same time, can SARS-CoV-2 infection trigger de novo autoimmunity? Indeed, work to date has demonstrated that 10% to 15% of patients with critical COVID-19 pneumonia exhibit autoantibodies against type I interferons, suggesting that preexisting autoimmunity underlies severe disease in some patients. Other studies have identified functional autoantibodies following infection with SARS-CoV-2, such as those that promote thrombosis or antagonize cytokine signaling. These autoantibodies may arise from a predominantly extrafollicular B cell response that is more prone to generating autoantibody-secreting B cells. This Review highlights the current understanding, evolving concepts, and unanswered questions provided by this unique opportunity to determine mechanisms by which a viral infection can be exacerbated by, and even trigger, autoimmunity. The potential role of autoimmunity in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 is also discussed.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Autoimmune Diseases
B-Lymphocytes cytology
Cytokines metabolism
Disease Progression
Female
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor metabolism
Humans
Inflammation
Interleukin-1 metabolism
Interleukin-6 metabolism
Macrophage Activation
Male
Mice
Phospholipids metabolism
SARS-CoV-2
Autoantibodies chemistry
Autoimmunity immunology
COVID-19 immunology
COVID-19 physiopathology
Signal Transduction
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1558-8238
- Volume :
- 131
- Issue :
- 24
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of clinical investigation
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34710063
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI154886