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Induction of High Levels of Specific Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2 After the Administration of Covid-19 mRNA Vaccines Requires Several Days.
- Source :
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Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2021 Oct 04; Vol. 12, pp. 726960. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 04 (Print Publication: 2021). - Publication Year :
- 2021
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Abstract
- Objectives: In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the fast development of vaccines with efficacy of around 95% preventing Covid-19 illness provides a unique opportunity to reduce the mortality associated with the pandemic. However, in the absence of efficacious prophylactic medications and few treatments for this infection, the induction of a fast and robust protective immunity is required for effective disease control, not only to prevent the disease but also the infection and shedding/transmission. The objective of our study was to analyze the level of specific humoral and cellular T-cell responses against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induced by two mRNA-based vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273), but also how long it takes after vaccination to induce these protective humoral and cellular immune responses.<br />Methods: We studied in 40 healthy (not previously infected) volunteers vaccinated with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines the presence of spike-specific IgG antibodies and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells at 3, 7 and 14 days after receiving the second dose of the vaccine. The specific T-cell response was analyzed stimulating fresh whole blood from vaccinated volunteers with SARS-CoV-2 peptides and measuring the release of cytokines secreted by T cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 stimulation.<br />Results: Our results indicate that the immunization capacity of both vaccines is comparable. However, although both BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines can induce early B-cell and T-cell responses, these vaccine-mediated immune responses do not reach their maximum values until 14 days after completing the vaccination schedule.<br />Conclusion: This refractory period in the induction of specific immunity observed after completing the vaccination could constitute a window of higher infection risk, which could explain some emerging cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated people.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 Gil-Manso, Carbonell, López-Fernández, Miguens, Alonso, Buño, Muñoz, Ochando, Pion and Correa-Rocha.)
- Subjects :
- 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
Adult
Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology
BNT162 Vaccine
COVID-19 prevention & control
Female
Humans
Immunity, Cellular immunology
Immunity, Humoral immunology
Immunization Schedule
Immunoglobulin G blood
Lymphocyte Count
Male
Prospective Studies
Vaccination
Antibodies, Viral blood
COVID-19 Vaccines immunology
Immunogenicity, Vaccine immunology
SARS-CoV-2 immunology
T-Lymphocytes immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1664-3224
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34671348
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.726960