Timing of endovascular repair impacts long-term outcomes of uncomplicated acute type B aortic dissection.

Objective: To compare the 5-year outcomes of acute versus subacute thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with uncomplicated acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD).
Methods: Between March 2008 and September 2018, 238 consecutive patients with uncomplicated ATBAD underwent TEVAR in the acute or subacute phase and were analyzed retrospectively. The primary end points were all-cause death and aortic-related death. The secondary end point was a composite of the outcomes of death from any cause, rupture, new dissection, retrograde type A aortic dissection, endoleak, and late reintervention. Inverse probability treatment weighting was used to balance baseline characteristics. Weight-adjusted Kaplan-Meier estimate with landmark analysis and weighted Cox model were performed to assess time-to-event outcomes.
Results: In the inverse probability treatment weighting-adjusted population, the 30-day mortality was 1.5% in the acute TEVAR group and 0% in the subacute TEVAR group (P = .24). The incidence of 30-day adverse events occurred in 16.8% and 6.9% patients in the acute TEVAR and subacute TEVAR groups, respectively (P = .13). At 5 years, there was no statistically significant difference in all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-3.81; P = .39) and aortic-related death (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.34-3.60; P = .86) between the two groups. The composite outcomes occurred in 30 patients (23.0%) in the acute TEVAR group and 18 patients (22.3%) in the subacute TEVAR group, respectively (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.36-1.25; P = .20). However, a landmark analysis of the composite outcomes indicated that there was a significant interaction between treatment effect and time (P _interaction  = .01), with a significantly higher incidence of the composite outcomes in the acute TEVAR group compared with the subacute TEVAR group within 1 year (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.79; P = .02), and a comparable rate between 1 and 5 years (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.56-2.76; P = .59).
Conclusions: At the 5-year follow-up, no significant differences exist in the all-cause death and aortic-related death between acute and subacute TEVAR. However, acute TEVAR is associated with an increased rate of severe complications within 1 year, which suggests that performing TEVAR in the subacute phase of ATBAD may be the preferable option.
(Copyright © 2021 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)