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Performance of the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen test in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica in a human cohort from Northern Samar, the Philippines.
- Source :
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Infectious diseases of poverty [Infect Dis Poverty] 2021 Sep 23; Vol. 10 (1), pp. 121. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 23. - Publication Year :
- 2021
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Abstract
- Background: Zoonotic schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, remains a major public health problem in the Philippines. This study aimed to evaluate the commercially available rapid diagnostic point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in detecting individuals infected with S. japonicum in a human cohort from an endemic area for schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines.<br />Methods: Clinical samples were collectedin 18 barangays endemic for S. japonicum infection in Laoang and Palapag municipalities, Northern Samar, the Philippines, in 2015. The presence of CCA in filter-concentrated urine samples (nā=ā412) was evaluated using the commercial kits and the results were converted to images, which were further analyzed by ImageJ software to calculate R values. The diagnostic performance of the immunochromatographic POC-CCA test was compared using the Kato-Katz (KK) procedure, in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and droplet digital (dd) PCR assays as reference.<br />Results: The POC-CCA test was able to detect S. japonicum-infected individuals in the cohort with an eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) more than or equal to 10 with sensitivity/specificity values of 63.3%/93.3%. However, the assay showed an inability to diagnose schistosomiasis japonica infections in all cohort KK-positive individuals, of which the majority had an extremely low egg burden (EPG: 1-9). The prevalence of S. japonicum infection in the total cohort determined by the POC-CCA test was 12.4%, only half of that determined by the KK method (26.2%). When compared with the ELISAs and ddPCR assays as a reference, the POC-CCA assay was further shown to be a test with low sensitivity. Nevertheless, the assay exhibited significant positive correlations with egg burden determined by the KK technique and the target gene copy number index values determined by the ddPCR assays within the entire cohort.<br />Conclusions: By using in silico image analysis, the POC-CCA cassette test could be converted to a quantitative assay to avoid reader-variability. Because of its low sensitivity, the commercially available POC-CCA assay had limited potential for determining the status of a S. japonicum infection in the target cohort. The assay should be applied with caution in populations where schistosome parasites (especially S. japonicum) are present at low infection intensity.<br /> (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Anthelmintics therapeutic use
Antigens, Helminth analysis
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Humans
Neglected Diseases epidemiology
Philippines epidemiology
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Prevalence
Schistosoma japonicum immunology
Schistosomiasis japonica drug therapy
Schistosomiasis japonica epidemiology
Sensitivity and Specificity
Antigens, Helminth blood
Feces parasitology
Point-of-Care Systems
Schistosoma japonicum isolation & purification
Schistosomiasis japonica diagnosis
Serologic Tests methods
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2049-9957
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Infectious diseases of poverty
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34556183
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-021-00905-5