PAF signaling plays a role in obesity-induced adipose tissue remodeling.

Background/objectives: Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) activation controls adipose tissue (AT) expansion in animal models. Our objective was twofold: (i) to check whether PAFR signaling is involved in human obesity and (ii) investigate the PAF pathway role in hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic cells to control adipocyte size.
Materials/subjects and Methods: Clinical parameters and adipose tissue gene expression were evaluated in subjects with obesity. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation from wild-type (WT) or PAFR ^-/- mice was performed to obtain chimeric PAFR-deficient mice predominantly in hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic-derived cells. A high carbohydrate diet (HC) was used to induce AT remodeling and evaluate in which cell compartment PAFR signaling modulates it. Also, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with PAF to evaluate fat accumulation and the expression of genes related to it.
Results: PAFR expression in omental AT from humans with obesity was negatively correlated to different corpulence parameters and more expressed in the stromal vascular fraction than adipocytes. Total PAFR ^-/- increased adiposity compared with WT independent of diet-induced obesity. Differently, WT mice receiving PAFR ^-/- -BM exhibited similar adiposity gain as WT chimeras. PAFR ^-/- mice receiving WT-BM showed comparable augmentation in adiposity as total PAFR ^-/- mice, demonstrating that PAFR signaling modulates adipose tissue expansion through non-hematopoietic cells. Indeed, the PAF treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes reduced fat accumulation and expression of adipogenic genes.
Conclusions: Therefore, decreased PAFR signaling may favor an AT accumulation in humans and animal models. Importantly, PAFR signaling, mainly in non-hematopoietic cells, especially in adipocytes, appears to play a significant role in regulating diet-induced AT expansion.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)