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Characterization and immunomodulatory activity of sulfated galactan from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri.
Characterization and immunomodulatory activity of sulfated galactan from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri.
- Source :
-
International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2021 Oct 31; Vol. 189, pp. 705-714. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 30. - Publication Year :
- 2021
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Abstract
- Polysaccharides from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri possess many functions, which include antioxidant, antiviral, and antibacterial activities. However, detailed data on their immunomodulatory activities are scarce. Here, we isolated sulfated galactans (SG) from G. fisheri. We found that the predominant SG from G. fisheri, termed SG-1, had an estimated molecular mass of 100 kDa and activated murine J774A.1 macrophages via the dectin-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we observed enhancement of nitric oxide (NO) secretion, increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, and increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins IL-1β and IL-6 by SG-1 in macrophages. Moreover, there was higher expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and co-stimulatory molecules (B7-1 and B7-2) mRNA. Treatment with G. fisheri SG-1 at 50 μg/mL generally achieved or exceeded the pro-inflammatory activities of 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide. Our study demonstrates immune-stimulatory activities of G. fisheri SG that may be of value for immune-potentiating treatment in humans or livestock.<br /> (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
B7-2 Antigen genetics
B7-2 Antigen metabolism
Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Cell Line
Cytokines genetics
Cytokines metabolism
Galactans isolation & purification
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 metabolism
Lectins, C-Type genetics
Lectins, C-Type metabolism
Macrophage Activation drug effects
Mice
Models, Biological
Nitric Oxide metabolism
Phagocytosis drug effects
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
RNA, Messenger genetics
RNA, Messenger metabolism
Signal Transduction drug effects
Galactans pharmacology
Gracilaria chemistry
Immunologic Factors pharmacology
Seaweed chemistry
Sulfates pharmacology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-0003
- Volume :
- 189
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of biological macromolecules
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34474051
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.182