Synthesis, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of indazole derivatives.

Herein, we report the synthesis and inhibitory potential of indazole (Methyl 1 H -indazole-4-carboxylate) derivatives ( 1-13 ) against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The described derivatives demonstrated good inhibitory potential with IC ₅₀ values, ranging between 15.04 ± 0.05 to 76.70 ± 0.06 µM ± SEM for α-amylase and 16.99 ± 0.19 to 77.97 ± 0.19 µM ± SEM for α-glucosidase, respectively. In particular, compounds ( 8 - 10 and 12 ) displayed significant inhibitory activities against both the screened enzymes, with their inhibitory potential comparable to the standard acarbose (12.98 ± 0.03 and 12.79 ± 0.17 µM ± SEM, respectively). Additionally, the influence of different substituents on enzyme inhibition activities was assessed to study the structure activity relationships. Molecular docking simulations were performed to rationalize the binding of derivatives/compounds with enzymes. All the synthesized derivatives ( 1-13 ) were characterized with the aid of spectroscopic instruments such as ¹ H-NMR, ¹³ C-NMR, HR-MS, elemental analysis and FTIR.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.