Impact of North Atlantic-East Asian teleconnections on extremely high January PM 10 cases in Korea.

In this study, we investigated the daily variability of PM ₁₀ concentrations in January in Korea during the past 19 years (2001-2019), as well as the associated atmospheric circulation patterns. The daily PM ₁₀ concentrations were classified into three cases: low (L; < 50 μg/m ³ ), high (H; 50-100 μg/m ³ ), and extremely high (EH; ≥ 100 μg/m ³ ). We found that the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon influenced the PM ₁₀ variability in the L and H cases. However, the EH cases were strongly influenced by the rapid growth of barotropic warming (anticyclonic anomaly) over the eastern North Atlantic and Northern Europe (ENE), and the stationary Rossby waves grew rapidly over Eurasia within only four days. Analysis of the quasi-geostrophic geopotential tendency budget revealed that the anticyclonic anomaly over the ENE was enhanced by vorticity advection. Linear baroclinic model experiments confirmed that vorticity forcing over the ENE induces favorable atmospheric conditions for the occurrence of EH PM ₁₀ events in East Asia. As a result, the PM ₁₀ concentration sharply increased sharply by approximately three times over four days. This study suggests that understanding atmospheric teleconnections between the ENE and East Asia can effectively predict the occurrence of EH PM ₁₀ events in Korea, helping to reduce the human health risks from atmospheric pollution.
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