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Cyclometalated Ru(II) β-carboline complexes induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human HeLa cervical cancer cells via suppressing ERK and Akt signaling.
- Source :
-
Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry [J Biol Inorg Chem] 2021 Oct; Vol. 26 (7), pp. 793-808. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 30. - Publication Year :
- 2021
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Abstract
- Two new cyclometalated Ru(II)-β-carboline complexes, [Ru(dmb) <subscript>2</subscript> (Cl-Ph-βC)](PF <subscript>6</subscript> ) (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine; Cl-Ph-βC = Cl-phenyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole; RuβC-3) and [Ru(bpy) <subscript>2</subscript> (Cl-Ph-βC)](PF <subscript>6</subscript> ) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; RuβC-4) were synthesized and characterized. The Ru(II) complexes display high cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, the stabilized human cervical cancer cell, with IC <subscript>50</subscript> values of 3.2 ± 0.4 μM (RuβC-3) and 4.1 ± 0.6 μM (RuβC-4), which were considerably lower than that of non-cyclometalated Ru(II)-β-carboline complex [Ru(bpy) <subscript>2</subscript> (1-Py-βC)] (PF <subscript>6</subscript> ) <subscript>2</subscript> (61.2 ± 3.9 μM) by 19- and 15-folds, respectively. The mechanism studies indicated that both Ru(II) complexes could significantly inhibit HeLa cell migration and invasion, and effectively induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The new Ru(II) complexes could also trigger apoptosis through activating caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and inducing cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Further research revealed that RuβC-3 could deactivate the ERK/Akt signaling pathway thus inhibiting HeLa cell invasion and migration, and inducing apoptosis. In addition, RuβC-3-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells was closely associated with the increase of intracellular ROS levels, which may act as upstream factors to regulate ERK and Akt pathways. More importantly, RuβC-3 exhibited low toxicity on both normal BEAS-2B cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo. Consequently, the developed Ru(II) complexes have great potential on developing novel low-toxic anticancer drugs.<br /> (© 2021. Society for Biological Inorganic Chemistry (SBIC).)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1432-1327
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34459988
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-021-01894-4