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Protein Immunization Induces Memory CD4 + T Cells That Lack Th Lineage Commitment.
- Source :
-
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) [J Immunol] 2021 Sep 01; Vol. 207 (5), pp. 1388-1400. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 11. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Acute viral infection generates lineage-committed Th1 and T follicular helper (Tfh) memory cells that recall their lineage-specific functions following secondary challenge with virus. However, the lineage commitment of effector and memory Th cells in vivo following protein vaccination is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed effector and memory CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell differentiation in mice ( Mus musculus ) following adjuvanted glycoprotein immunization compared with acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Glycoprotein immunization induced CXCR5 <superscript>-</superscript> non-Tfh effector and memory CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cells that surprisingly had not undergone polarization toward any particular Th cell lineage but had undergone memory differentiation. However, upon challenge with virus, these Th lineage-nonpolarized memory CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cells were able to generate Th1 secondary effector cells, demonstrating their lineage plasticity. In addition, Tfh and memory Tfh cells were generated in response to protein immunization, and these cells differed from infection-induced Tfh cells by their lack of the transcription factor Tbet. Rechallenge experiments demonstrated that viral infection, but not protein immunization, during either the primary or secondary immune response, restricts the recall of Bcl6 expression and the generation of germinal center Tfh cells. Together, these data demonstrate that protein immunization generates a combination of nonpolarized memory cells that are highly plastic and memory Tfh cells that can undergo further Th1-like modulation during a secondary response to viral infection.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Cell Differentiation
Cell Lineage
Cell Plasticity
Cells, Cultured
Immunization
Immunologic Memory
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 metabolism
T-Box Domain Proteins genetics
T-Box Domain Proteins metabolism
Vaccination
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology
Germinal Center immunology
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis immunology
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus physiology
T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1550-6606
- Volume :
- 207
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34380649
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2100210