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Viral proteins recognized by different TLRs.
- Source :
-
Journal of medical virology [J Med Virol] 2021 Nov; Vol. 93 (11), pp. 6116-6123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 17. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Virus invasion activates the host's innate immune response, inducing the production of numerous cytokines and interferons to eliminate pathogens. Except for viral DNA/RNA, viral proteins are also targets of pattern recognition receptors. Membrane-bound receptors such as Toll-like receptor (TLR)1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and TLR10 relate to the recognition of viral proteins. Distinct TLRs perform both protective and detrimental roles for a specific virus. Here, we review viral proteins serving as pathogen-associated molecular patterns and their corresponding TLRs. These viruses are all enveloped, including respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis C virus, measles virus, herpesvirus human immunodeficiency virus, and coronavirus, and can encode proteins to activate innate immunity in a TLR-dependent way. The TLR-viral protein relationship plays an important role in innate immunity activation. A detailed understanding of their pathways contributes to a novel direction for vaccine development.<br /> (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
HIV immunology
HIV metabolism
HIV pathogenicity
Hepacivirus immunology
Hepacivirus metabolism
Hepacivirus pathogenicity
Herpesviridae immunology
Herpesviridae metabolism
Herpesviridae pathogenicity
Humans
Measles virus immunology
Measles virus metabolism
Measles virus pathogenicity
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules chemistry
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses immunology
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses metabolism
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses pathogenicity
SARS-CoV-2 immunology
SARS-CoV-2 metabolism
SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity
Viral Proteins chemistry
Virus Diseases virology
Viruses metabolism
Viruses pathogenicity
Immunity, Innate
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules metabolism
Toll-Like Receptors immunology
Toll-Like Receptors metabolism
Viral Proteins metabolism
Virus Diseases immunology
Viruses immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1096-9071
- Volume :
- 93
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of medical virology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34375002
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27265