Prevalence and Characteristic of Swine-Origin mcr-1 -Positive Escherichia coli in Northeastern China.

The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 is threatening the last-line role of colistin in human medicine. With mcr-1 -positive Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) isolated from food animal being frequently reported in China, the prevalence of mcr-1 in food animal has attracted public attention. In the present study, a total of 105 colistin-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from 200 fecal samples collected from six swine farms in northeastern China. mcr -PCR revealed that the prevalence of mcr-1 in colistin-resistant E. coli was 53.33% (56/105). mcr-1 -positive E. coli showed extensive antimicrobial resistance profiles with the presence of additional resistance genes, increased expression of multidrug efflux pump-associated genes, and increased biofilm formation ability. MLST differentiated all the mcr-1- positive E. coli into 25 sequence types (STs) and five unknown ST, and the most common ST was ST10 ( n = 11). By phylogenetic group classification, the distribution of all mcr-1 -positive E. coli belonging to groups A, B1, B2, and D was 46.43, 35.71, 5.36, and 5.36%, respectively. Conjugation experiment demonstrated that most of the mcr-1 were transferable at frequencies of 2.68 × 10 ^-6 -3.73 × 10 ^-3 among 30 representative mcr - 1- positive E. coli . The plasmid replicon types IncI2 ( n = 9), IncX4 ( n = 5), IncHI2 ( n = 3), IncN ( n = 3), and IncP ( n = 1) were detected in the transconjugants. The results of growth assay, competition experiment, and plasmid stability testing showed that acquisition of mcr-1- harboring plasmids could reduce the fitness of bacterial hosts, but mcr-1 remained stable in the recipient strain. Due to the potential possibility of these mcr-1 -positive E. coli being transmitted to humans through the food chain or through horizontal transmission, therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the prevalence and dissemination of mcr-1 in food animal, particularly in swine.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2021 Cheng, Yang, Cao, Liu, Li, Sun, Li, Ishfaq and Zhang.)