Development of a new evaluation method for orthodontic forces generated in individual patients.

Numerous experimental studies have examined how much orthodontic force is needed to move teeth more smoothly; however, no reports have examined this clinically in individual, living subjects. We aimed to develop a method for quantifying the force exerted on individual teeth by an orthodontic wire to measure how loads placed on crowded teeth change dynamically over time. Accordingly, we fabricated a series of dental casts of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (using optical impressions and a three-dimensional printer), fitted these models with nickel-titanium wire, and subjected them to bending load tests. During leveling, nickel-titanium wire is generally considered to exert a weak force due to its low elastic modulus, with a weak orthodontic force applied over a long period of time due to its superelasticity; however, we found that the actual energy exerted by nickel-titanium wire is also largely affected by other factors (e.g., amount of crowding).