Discriminating between IgG4-related orbital disease and other causes of orbital inflammation with intra voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging at 3T.

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the capabilities of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI at 3 Tesla in discriminating between IgG4-related orbital disease (IgG4-ROD) and other causes of orbital inflammation.
Materials and Methods: Main selection criteria for the patients enrolled in this prospective study were age over 18 years and histopathologicaly proven orbital inflammatory lesion. MRI examinations were performed prior to surgery and treatment in all patients with suspected orbital inflammation. Two neuroradiologists, blinded to clinical data, independently analyzed structural MRI examinations and IVIM sequences obtained with 15 b values ranging from 0 to 2000 s/mm². Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), "true" diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion fraction (f) and pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) values were calculated from all orbital lesions. Diagnostic capabilities of IVIM parameters were assessed using receiver operating-characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of IVIM parameters were calculated for the best threshold values and reported with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: Thirty-five patients (21 women and 14 men; mean age, 49.2 ± 13.75 [SD] years; age range: 23-77 years) with 48 orbital lesions were enrolled in the study. Fifteen patients (15/35; 43%) had IgG4-ROD and 20 (20/35; 57%) had other causes of orbital inflammation. Median D value was significantly greater in patients with IgG4-ROD (1 × 10 ^-3  mm ² /s; interquartile range [IQR]: 0.9 × 10 ^-3 ; 1.2 × 10 ^-3 ) as compared to patients with non IgG4-ROD (0.80 × 10 ^-3 mm ² /s; IQR: 0.7 × 10 ^-3 ; 1 × 10 ^-3 ) (P = 0.04). There was no significant difference for ADC, f or D*. Area under the curve were of 0.54, 0.73, 0.63 and 0.56 for ADC, D, f and D*, respectively. Optimal threshold derived from ROC curves for D was 0.87 × 10 ^-3 mm ² /s, yielding 92% sensitivity (95% CI: 62-100%) and 71% specificity (95% CI: 44-90%) for the diagnosis of IgG4-ROD. No differences in standard morphological MRI criteria were found between IgG4-ROD and non IgG4-ROD.
Conclusion: Our study shows that IVIM MRI is a useful imaging technique to distinguish IgG4-ROD from other causes of orbital inflammation.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
(Copyright © 2021 Société française de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)