Toe-First Technique for End to Side Microvascular Anastomosis.

Background: The use of the classic 2-ends anchoring technique is common in end-to side (ES) microvascular anastomosis. The literature on the toe-first (TF) technique is limited. In the current study we present the successful outcomes with the TF technique in ES anastomoses in rat femoral vessels model.
Methods: ES microvascular anastomosis with the tf technique was performed in the femoral vessels of 10 Sprague Dawley rats. Two-throw reef knot interrupted sutures were used in all cases. Individual parameters during the procedure were recorded for analysis. The immediate and delayed (cut open technique after 2 weeks) patencies were confirmed. An illustrative case showing the use of this technique in superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass in a pediatric moyamoya disease case is included.
Results: The average suturing time was 40.14 ± 5.30 minutes, the procedures were completed with an average of 14.57 ± 1.90 sutures. The average time per suture was 2.78 ± 0.43 minutes. The immediate patency was 100% (10 of 10 cases). Two rats died of unknown cause in the observation period. The delayed patency was 100% in the remaining 8 cases (average observation: 29.6 days).
Conclusions: The TF interrupted suture technique of ES microvascular anastomosis with 2-throw reef knots is feasible with excellent immediate and delayed patency rates. The distinct advantages of the TF are the continuous visualization of the recipient lumen during anastomoses, avoiding back-wall bites, and the ability to correct any discrepancy in the recipient-donor lumens during the procedure.
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