A Beckwith-Wiedemann-Associated CDKN1C Mutation Allows the Identification of a Novel Nuclear Localization Signal in Human p57 Kip2 .

p57 ^Kip2 protein is a member of the CIP/Kip family, mainly localized in the nucleus where it exerts its Cyclin/CDKs inhibitory function. In addition, the protein plays key roles in embryogenesis, differentiation, and carcinogenesis depending on its cellular localization and interactors. Mutations of CDKN1C , the gene encoding human p57 ^Kip2 , result in the development of different genetic diseases, including Beckwith-Wiedemann, IMAGe and Silver-Russell syndromes. We investigated a specific Beckwith-Wiedemann associated CDKN1C change (c.946 C>T) that results in the substitution of the C-terminal amino acid (arginine 316) with a tryptophan (R316W-p57 ^Kip2 ). We found a clear redistribution of R316W-p57 ^Kip2 , in that while the wild-type p57 ^Kip2 mostly occurs in the nucleus, the mutant form is also distributed in the cytoplasm. Transfection of two expression constructs encoding the p57 ^Kip2 N- and C-terminal domain, respectively, allows the mapping of the nuclear localization signal(s) (NLSs) between residues 220-316. Moreover, by removing the basic RKRLR sequence at the protein C-terminus (from 312 to 316 residue), p57 ^Kip2 was confined in the cytosol, implying that this sequence is absolutely required for nuclear entry. In conclusion, we identified an unreported p57 ^Kip2 NLS and suggest that its absence or mutation might be of relevance in CDKN1C -associated human diseases determining significant changes of p57 ^Kip2 localization/regulatory roles.