Levels of 15-HETE and TXB 2 in exhaled breath condensates as markers for diagnosis of childhood asthma and its therapeutic outcome.

Background: Dysregulation of eicosanoids is associated with asthma and a composite of oxylipins, including exhaled leukotriene B ₄ (LTB ₄ ), characterizes childhood asthma. While fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been used as the standard for monitoring steroid responsiveness, the potential utility of eicosanoids in monitoring the therapeutic outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to examine the levels of major eicosanoids representing different metabolic pathways in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) of children with asthma during exacerbation and after treatment.
Methods: Levels of 6 exhaled eicosanoid species in asthmatic children and healthy subjects were evaluated using ELISA.
Results: In addition to those previously reported, including LTB ₄ , the levels of exhaled 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), but not thromboxane B ₂ (TXB ₂ ), showed significant difference between asthmatics (N = 318) and healthy controls (N = 97), particularly the severe group showed the lowest levels of exhaled 15-HETE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed similar distinguishing power for the levels of 15-HETE, FEV ₁ (forced expiratory volume in the first second), and FeNO, while the 15-HETE/LTB ₄ ratio was significantly lower in subjects with asthma as compared to that of healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Analysis of asthmatics (N = 75) during exacerbation and convalescence showed significant improvement in lung function (FEV ₁ , p < .001), but not FeNO, concomitant with significantly increased levels of 15-HETE (p < .001) and reduced levels of TXB ₂ (p < .05) at convalescence, particularly for those who at the top 30% level during exacerbation. Further, decreased LTB ₄ and lipoxin A ₄ (LXA ₄ ) at convalescence were noted only in those at the top 30 percentile during exacerbation.
Conclusion: The exhaled 15-HETE was found to discriminate childhood asthma while decreased levels of exhaled TXB ₂ and increased levels of 15-HETE were prominent at convalescence.
(© 2021 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.)