Ballodiolic Acid A and B: Two New ROS, ( • OH), (ONOO - ) Scavenging and Potent Antimicrobial Constituents Isolated from Ballota pseudodictamnus (L.) Benth.

Bioassays guided phytochemical investigations on the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the root material of Ballota pseudodictamnus (L.) Benth. led to the isolation of two new compounds, ballodiolic acid A ( 1 ) and ballodiolic acid B ( 2 ), along with three known compounds ballodiolic acid ( 3 ), ballotenic acid ( 4 ), and β-amyrin ( 5 ), which were also isolated for the first time from this species by using multiple chromatographic techniques. The structures of the compounds ( 1 - 5 ) were determined by modern spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical studies. In three separate experiments, the isolated compounds ( 1 - 5 ) demonstrated potent antioxidant scavenging activity, with IC ₅₀ values ranging from 07.22-34.10 μM in the hydroxyl radical ( ^• OH) inhibitory activity test, 58.10-148.55 μM in the total ROS (reactive oxygen species) inhibitory activity test, and 6.23-69.01 μM in the peroxynitrite (ONOO ^- ) scavenging activity test. With IC ₅₀ values of (07.22 ± 0.03, 58.10 ± 0.07, 6.23 ± 0.04 μM) for ^• OH, total ROS, and scavenge ONOO ^- , respectively, ballodiolic acid B ( 2 ) showed the highest scavenging ability. Antibacterial and antifungal behaviors were also exposed to the pure compounds 1 - 5 . In contrast to compounds 4 and 5 , compounds 1 - 3 were active against all bacterial strains studied, with a good zone of inhibition proving these as a potent antibacterial agent. Similarly, compared to compounds 3 - 5 , compounds 1 and 2 with a 47 percent and 45 percent respective inhibition zone were found to be more active against tested fungal strains.