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Characterizing Underlying Cognitive Components of ADHD Presentations and Co-morbid Diagnoses: A Diffusion Decision Model Analysis.
- Source :
-
Journal of attention disorders [J Atten Disord] 2022 Mar; Vol. 26 (5), pp. 706-722. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jun 04. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Objective: To Explore whether subtypes and comorbidities of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) induce distinct biases in cognitive components involved in information processing.<br />Method: Performance on the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) was compared between 150 children (aged 7 to 10) with ADHD, grouped by DSM-5 presentation (ADHD-C, ADHD-I) or co-morbid diagnoses (anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], both, neither), and 60 children without ADHD. Diffusion decision modeling decomposed performance into cognitive components.<br />Results: Children with ADHD had poorer information integration than controls. Children with ADHD-C were more sensitive to changes in presentation modality (auditory/visual) than those with ADHD-I and controls. Above and beyond these results, children with ADHD+anxiety+ODD had larger increases in response biases when targets became frequent than children with ADHD-only or with ADHD and one comorbidity.<br />Conclusion: ADHD presentations and comorbidities have distinct cognitive characteristics quantifiable using DDM and IVA-CPT. We discuss implications for tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy.
- Subjects :
- Anxiety Disorders
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders complications
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders diagnosis
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders epidemiology
Child
Cognition
Comorbidity
Humans
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity complications
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1557-1246
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of attention disorders
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34085557
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547211020087