p53 Rather Than β-Catenin Mediated the Combined Hypoglycemic Effect of Cinnamomum cassia ( L. ) and Zingiber officinale Roscoe in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Model.

Background: The antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and insulin-enhancing effects of ginger and cinnamon were previously confirmed in experimental and human studies, while the combined effect of ginger and cinnamon was not thoroughly investigated until now. Objectives: This study was designed to assess the antidiabetic effect of combined administration of ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and cinnamon ( Cinnamomum cassia L.) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats compared to metformin and to explain the mechanism behind this effect. Materials and methods: STZ was utilized to induce diabetes mellitus in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Assessments of fasting blood glucose level (BGL), the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β cells were performed. Pancreatic gene expression of β-catenin and p53 was assessed using RT-PCR. Assessment of histopathological alterations of pancreatic islet cells was performed using routine and immunohistochemical techniques. Results: BGL significantly decreased ( p = 0.01), while serum insulin and TAC significantly increased ( p < 0.001) in both metformin- and ginger plus cinnamon-treated groups compared to the untreated diabetic group. HOMA-β cell index significantly increased ( p = 0.001) in ginger plus cinnamon, indicating their enhancing effect on insulin secretion in diabetic conditions. p53 gene expression was significantly upregulated ( p < 0.001), while β-catenin was insignificantly downregulated ( p = 0.32) in ginger plus cinnamon-treated groups. Insulin immunoexpression in β cells significantly increased ( p = 0.001, p = 0.004) in metformin- and ginger plus cinnamon-treated groups, respectively. Conclusions: The combined administration of ginger and cinnamon has a significant hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect in STZ-induced diabetes mostly through enhancing repair of islet cells mediated via upregulation of pancreatic p53 expression. Therefore, testing this effect in diabetic patients is recommended.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2021 Ayuob, Al-Shathly, Bakhshwin, Al-Abbas, Shaer, Al Jaouni and Hamed.)