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Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Postmenopausal Well-Trained Women.
- Source :
-
Sports health [Sports Health] 2021 Nov-Dec; Vol. 13 (6), pp. 613-621. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 27. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Background: Sex hormone deprivation derived from menopause may affect exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). No studies have previously evaluated this response between postmpenopausal and premenopausal eumenorrheic women over the menstrual cycle.<br />Hypothesis: Postmenopausal women will present higher EIMD markers than premenopausal women, especially in comparison with the menstrual cycle phases where sex hormone concentrations are higher.<br />Study Design: Cross-sectional study.<br />Level of Evidence: Level 3.<br />Methods: Thirteen postmenopausal and 19 eumenorrheic women, all of them resistance-trained, performed an eccentric squat-based exercise. The postmenopausal group performed 1 bout of exercise, while the eumenorrheic group performed 3 bouts coinciding with the early follicular, late follicular, and mid-luteal phases ot their menstrual cycle. Muscle soreness, countermovement jump, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein were evaluated before and postexercise.<br />Results: The expected differences in sex hormones were observed between groups ( P < 0.001) according to their reproductive status. Postexercise increases in CK, myoglobin, and muscle soreness (168.2 ± 45.5 U/L, 123.1 ± 41.5 µg/L, and 20.7 ± 21.3 mm, respectively) were observed in comparison with baseline (136.2 ± 45.5 U/L, 76.9 ± 13.8 µg/L, and 2.7 ± 4.2 mm, respectively). Myoglobin values at baseline in postmenopausal women were higher compared with premenopausal women in the aforementioned menstrual cycle phases, respectively (62.8 ± 8.2, 60.4 ± 7.2, and 60.1 ± 10.6 µg/L; P < 0.001 for all comparisons), which was supported by large effect sizes (0.72-1.08 standardized d units). No postexercise differences were observed between groups in any markers ( P > 0.05).<br />Conclusion: Despite higher resting levels of myoglobin and lower strength values in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women, EIMD was similar between both reproductive profiles. This suggests a potential benefit of being physically active despite aging and sex hormone deprivation.<br />Clinical Relevance: Sex hormone deprivation derived from menopause seems not to influence muscle damage reponse to eccentric exercise in resistance-trained postmenopausal women.
- Subjects :
- Cross-Sectional Studies
Exercise
Female
Humans
Myalgia
Muscle, Skeletal
Postmenopause
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1941-0921
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Sports health
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34039086
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381211014134