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Chronic bacterial pulmonary infections in advanced cystic fibrosis differently affect the level of sputum neutrophil elastase, IL-8 and IL-6.
- Source :
-
Clinical and experimental immunology [Clin Exp Immunol] 2021 Sep; Vol. 205 (3), pp. 391-405. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jun 16. - Publication Year :
- 2021
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Abstract
- Advanced cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is commonly characterized by a chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and destructive inflammation caused by neutrophils. However, the lack of convincing evidence from most informative biomarkers of severe lung dysfunction (SLD-CF) has hampered the formulation of a conclusive, targeted diagnosis of CF. The aim of this study was to determine whether SLD-CF is related to the high concentration of sputum inflammatory mediators and the presence of biofilm-forming bacterial strains. Forty-one patients with advanced CF lung disease were studied. The severity of pulmonary dysfunction was defined by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 40%. C-reactive protein (CRP) and NLR (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) were examined as representative blood-based markers of inflammation. Expectorated sputum was collected and analysed for cytokines and neutrophil-derived defence proteins. Isolated sputum bacteria were identified and their biofilm-forming capacity was determined. There was no association between FEV1% and total number of sputum bacteria. However, in the high biofilm-forming group the median FEV1 was < 40%. Importantly, high density of sputum bacteria was associated with increased concentrations of neutrophil elastase and interleukin (IL)-8 and low concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10. The low concentration of sputum IL-6 is unique for CF and distinct from that observed in other chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases. These findings strongly suggest that expectorated sputum is an informative source of pulmonary biomarkers representative for advanced CF and may replace more invasive bronchoalveolar lavage analysis to monitor the disease. We recommend to use of the following inflammatory biomarkers: blood CRP, NLR and sputum elastase, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10.<br /> (© 2021 British Society for Immunology.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Biofilms growth & development
Biomarkers analysis
C-Reactive Protein analysis
Child
Female
Forced Expiratory Volume physiology
Humans
Inflammation Mediators analysis
Interleukin-10 analysis
Lymphocyte Count
Male
Pseudomonas Infections pathology
Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunology
Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology
Sputum immunology
Sputum microbiology
Young Adult
Cystic Fibrosis pathology
Interleukin-6 analysis
Interleukin-8 analysis
Leukocyte Elastase analysis
Respiratory Tract Infections pathology
Sputum chemistry
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1365-2249
- Volume :
- 205
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Clinical and experimental immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34031873
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13624