Cortical gray matter reduction precedes transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: A voxel-based meta-analysis.

Gray matter and cortical thickness reductions have been documented in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis and may be more pronounced in those who transition to psychosis. However, these findings rely on small samples and are inconsistent across studies. In this review and meta-analysis we aimed to investigate neuroanatomical correlates of clinical high-risk for psychosis and potential predictors of transition, using a novel meta-analytic method (Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images) and cortical mask, combining data from surface-based and voxel-based morphometry studies. Individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis who later transitioned to psychosis were compared to those who did not and to controls, and included three statistical maps. Overall, individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis did not differ from controls, however, within the clinical high-risk for psychosis group, transition to psychosis was associated with less cortical gray matter in the right temporal lobe (Hedges' g = -0.377), anterior cingulate and paracingulate (Hedges' g = -0.391). These findings have the potential to help refine prognostic and etiopathological research in early psychosis.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest AF has received honoraria from Otsuka-Lundbeck. IB has received honoraria and travel support from Otsuka-Lundbeck and Janssen, research support from Fundación Alicia Koplowitz and grants from Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. AAE has received a PhD grant from the Spanish Ministry of Health (ISCIII-PFIS). PFP has received grant fees from Lundbeck and honoraria fees from Lundbeck, Menarini and Angelini outside the current work. EV has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: AB-Biotics, Abbott, Allergan, Angelini, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Farmindustria, Ferrer, Forest Research Institute, Galenica, Gedeon Richter, Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Shire, Sunovion, Takeda, the Brain and Behaviour Foundation, the Generalitat de Catalunya (PERIS), the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (CIBERSAM), EU Horizon 2020, and the Stanley Medical Research Institute. GS has received grants from Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica (Ajut a la Recerca Pons Bartran), the Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation (NARSAD Young Investigator Award), the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation and the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III «Health Research Fund». AB, JR, PvE, JCF, EDS, LPL and AFC have no conflicts of interest.
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